Satellite methods underestimate indirect climate forcing by aerosols
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Climate forcing by carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols
An atmospheric general circulation model is coupled to an atmospheric chemistry model to calculate the radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols. The latter aerosols result from biomass burning as well as fossil fuel burning. The black carbon associated with carbonaceous aerosols is absorbant and can decrease the amount of reflected radiation at the top-of-the-atmosph...
متن کاملStandard climate models radiation codes underestimate black carbon radiative forcing
Radiative forcing (RF) of black carbon (BC) in the atmosphere is estimated using radiative transfer codes of various complexities. Here we show that the two-stream radiative transfer codes used most in climate models give too strong forward scattering, leading to enhanced absorption at the surface and too weak absorption by BC in the atmosphere. Such calculations are found to underestimate the ...
متن کاملSatellite-based estimate of the direct and indirect aerosol climate forcing
[1] The main uncertainty in anthropogenic forcing of the Earth’s climate stems from pollution aerosols, particularly their ‘‘indirect effect’’ whereby aerosols modify cloud properties. We develop a new methodology to derive a measurement-based estimate using almost exclusively information from an Earth radiation budget instrument (CERES) and a radiometer (MODIS). We derive a statistical relatio...
متن کاملGlobal distribution and climate forcing of carbonaceous aerosols
[1] The global distribution of carbonaceous aerosols is simulated online in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies General Circulation Model II-prime (GISS GCM II-prime). Prognostic tracers include black carbon (BC), primary organic aerosol (POA), five groups of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), and 14 semivolatile products of BVOC oxidation by O3, OH, and NO3, which condense to for...
متن کاملAn Examination of Anthropogenic Climate Forcing in the 21st Century: Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols – Direct and Indirect
The projection of future climate change – and its consequent impacts on societies and individuals – depends not only on society's direct emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols, but also on the Earth system's response to these changes insofar as they additionally alter the radiative forcing of climate. These feedbacks involve coupling across the physical climate and biogeochemical systems, a...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1018526108